One of the principal factors motivating governments to encourage the widespread adoption of compressed natural gas cng vehicles is the reduction of local air pollution. Roughly 250,000 of the 12 million cng vehicles worldwide are in the u. Lng, compressed natural gas cng and hydrogen is considered an opportunity to. Compressed natural gas cng is a fuel that can be used in place of gasoline, diesel fuel and. According to the industry group ngv global, there are more than 15. While their engines and fuel systems are modified to make use of natural gas, cng vehicles are otherwise quite similar to existing gasoline or diesel cars. Additional precautions to avoid gas leaks and prevent accumulation of any leaked gas to explosive fuelair.
Join date nov 2005 posts 491 location colebrook, n. Pdf technical overview of compressed natural gas cng. The development of natural gas vehicles in the us is fostered by the federal government. Natural gas vehicles natural gas can be used in all classes of vehicles motorcycles, cars, vans, light and heavy duty trucks, buses, lift trucks, locomotives, even ships and ferries. More than 12 million vehicles on the road worldwide use cng. If youre a fleet owner looking for safe, economical fleet vehicles that can meet stringent air quality regulations, switching to natural gas vehicles ngvs may be the perfect option. The global ngv population has increased more than tenfold since 2000. Pdf effects of gas composition on the performance and. Highpressure compressed natural gas, mainly composed of methane, that is used to. Natural gas is considered to be a promising alternative fuel for passenger cars, truck transportation and stationary engines providing positive effects both on the environment and energy security. Cng and lng must be handled the same as other pressurized gases or cryogenic liquids. Pdf technical overview of compressed natural gas cng as a. Compressed natural gas specifications for motor vehicles. Natural gas vehicle an overview sciencedirect topics.
Natural gas vehicles ngv are one of the best kept secrets except in the u. But fewer than half of them are available to the public and more than a fifth are located in california. Another option for natural gas transportstorage is compressed natural gas cng. Vehicles powered by this economical fuel are eligible for a clean air vehicle sticker, which allows single occupants to drive in high occupancy vehicle hov lanes. Natural gaspowered vehicles are designed and built to be safe, both during normal driving and in the event of an accident. Volkswagen caddy caddy maxi life ecofuel cng mpv man.
Both are clean burning, domestically produced, relatively low priced, and widely available. It is a light gas, weighing about twothirds as much as air. Higher usage of cng vehicles reduces the emission levels of nonmethane organic gases. Fuel economy of 20 compressed natural gas vehicles. Natural gas is compressed as cng to be used as fuel in the vehicles with the alternative being. Study of lpg liquefied petroleum gas and cng compressed natural gas vehicles and its. Typically, cng is filled via a compressor into pressurized steel gas cylinders and, in analogy to other commercially traded gases, transported to the site of the consumer by truck in bundles of up to 25 cylinders. Benefits of compressed natural gas cng natural gas vehicles run on cleanburning, compressed natural gas, which has a number of advantages over gasoline or diesel. Fuel efficiency for compressed natural gas vehicles can be difficult for the consumer to calculate, as the metric for fuel efficiency in cng and lng vehicles isnt actually miles per gallon mpgs, but is mpge miles per gasoline gallon equivalent. Natural gas actually has safety advantages compared to gasoline and diesel, because it is nontoxic, and will not cause contamination in the event of a release. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Options and challenges congressional research service 4 becomes suitable for use in a vehicle engine.
Fuel economy of 2000 compressed natural gas vehicles. As shown in figure 3, a cng vehicles fuel storage tank is mounted in the back of a vehicle and takes up about half of what is the trunk in a traditional vehicle. Natural gas has set the standard for demonstrating greater and greater emission reductions. Natural gas is safe and natural gas vehicles have an excellent safety record.
After the natural gas is injected into the engine, the fuelair mixture is compressed and ignited by a spark plug. The use of compressed natural gas as a fuel has been growing since the 1970s. Natural gas vehicles background historically, natural gas has played a limited role as a transportation fuel in the united states. Interest in natural gas fueled vehicles has grown substantially in recent years as people seek lower cost alternatives to gasoline and diesel. Natural gas in vehicles is inexpensive and convenient. Almost 3,000 of these natural gas vehicles are in australia and indicators suggest that australia will. Compressed natural gas vehicles require a greater amount of space for fuel. Compressed natural gas cng is an alternative fuel for vehicles made by compressing natural gas to less than 1 percent of its standard volume. Natural gas vehicles opportunities and challenges in the transportation sector kathryn clay, ph.
Natural gas cars pros and cons of cng powered vehicles. Offering greater cost stability and environmental benefits, cng is becoming known as the vehicle fueling option for a sustainable future. Compressed natural gas is one of the cleanest burning fuels available, making it a smart and environmentally friendly choice. Natural gas powers more than 175,000 vehicles in the united states and roughly 23 million vehicles worldwide. Top 7 mistakes newbies make going solar avoid these for effective power harvesting from the sun duration.
Compressed natural gas vehicles look and feel like conventional cars. Some safety features of compressed natural gas vehicles. You can even convert a conventional car to run on natural gas. Compressed natural gas motor vehicle fuel regulation title, ccr, section 2292. New compressed natural gas vehicles are subject to the same. Local municipalities are doing the same with city buses, and the federal government is making the push to only buy or lease vehicles that run on alternative fuels like cng by 2015. Expanding the use of natural gas in vehicles also runs counter to efforts to reduce eus gas imports and energy dependence. Natural gas, like all vehicle fuels, can be used safely if properly handled. Reviewers in general say they are relatively uninspiring to drive.
Us7377294b2 gas cooling methods for high pressure fuel. Natural gas vehicles are saddled by a number of drawbacks. Technical statement on commercial natural gas in cng. Natural gas vehicles ngvs are good choices for highmileage, centrally fueled fleets because they can provide similar fuel range support for applications not involved in longhaul routes where fuel stations can become sparse. The natural gas fleet savings calculator is a spreadsheet based, total cost of ownership evaluation tool designed to help fleet owners conduct a preliminary analysis of the total costs associated with converting a fleet, or part of a fleet, to natural gas. The 2015 cng honda civic gets 31 mpge, according to federal fueleconomy stats. Road vehicles compressed natural gas cng fuel system components cng lowpressure flexible fuel line with end connections, cng fuel line having pressure not exceeding 2. Lewis 2005 added that the cng is free of benzene and therefore. In addition, noise emissions from compressed natural gas fuel engines are less intrusive than those from diesel engines. Of these natural gas stations, the vast majority are equipped for cngpowered vehicles. Archived pdf from the original on 11 november 2009. Though these vehicles are selling out faster than they are made and production is. Liquefied petroleum gas and cng compressed natural gas. First natural gas car as of 2009, there were over 11 million compressed natural gas cng vehicles worldwide.
This paper presents the worldwide background, prospects and challenges of natural gas fuel and natural gas fueled vehicles along with. Most natural gas is drawn from wells or extracted in conjunction with crude oil production. Natural gas could compete with gasoline in the automobile fuel market. Highpressure direct injection engines burn natural gas in a compressionignition diesel cycle. However, natural gas has been slow to gain traction in u. Vehicles produce about half of the greenhouse gases from a typical u. Basic questions about natural gas as a transportation fuel. Strategies to implement natural gas as an automotive fuel appendix a selected suppliers of natural gas vehicles, components and fueling equipment appendix b states and areas affected by the 1990 caaa appendix c conversion to metric units.
The nations only lightduty, factoryproduced cng vehicle in production, the honda civic natural gas, has been on the market since 1998. Qualified system retrofitters can also economically, safely, and reliably convert many vehicles for natural gas operation. Compressed natural gas for vehicles pacific gas and. Natural gas fuel may be stored on a vehicle or piece of equipment either as a pressurized gas cng or as a cryogenic liquid lng. A natural gas vehicle ngv is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses compressed natural gas cng or liquefied natural gas lng. Compressed natural gas vehicle maintenance facility.
Another reason consumers arent buying natural gas cars. Introduction and background the oxford institute for energy studies oies has published two papers in the last twelve months on the demand outlook for lng as a marine fuel le fevre, 2018, sharples, 2019. Particles from compressed natural gas cng engine emissions are smaller than those from diesel or even petrol engine emissions and range from 0. Compressed natural gas or cng is the most common form of natural gas used in vehicles, but engines for heavyduty. Pdf bangladesh is a country, full of natural resources such as coal, gas, stone etc. In recent years, 80% to 90% of the natural gas used in the united states was domestically produced. An air driven engine is a pneumatic actuator that creates useful work by expanding compressed air.
Cng compressed natural gas methane stored at high pressure, typically 2025 mpa. In many countries natural gaspowered vehicles are introduced to replace buses, taxis, and other public vehicle fleets. As used in the systems covered by this standard, it tends to rise and diffuses rapidly in air when it escapes from the system. Compressed natural gas in australia worldwide there are 16. The air powered vehicle is an ecofriendly vehicle which works on compressed air. It has been proposed for greater use as a fuel for onroad vehicles, particularly in lightduty vehicles. Epa mpg owner mpg estimates 2000 ford crown victoria cng 8 cyl, 4. Natural gas can be used either by converting an existing gasoline or diesel engine, or by using a purpose built natural gas engine. There is information about government and industry research and development related to compressed natural gas cng and liquefied natural gas lng engines and vehicles. At a high pressure refuel depot that dispenses high pressure hydrogen or compressed natural gas to vehicles, the thermal energy heat generated by the high flow rate of the high pressure refueling gas is evacuated from the on board fuel tanks of vehicles eliminating the need for refueling pre treatments such as a slow fill, secondary precooling, and pressure overfill otherwise used to. Cng and lng for vehicles and ships the facts transport. Natural gas as a transport fuel is not a new story.
Cars using natural gas are estimated to emit 20% less greenhouse gases than gasoline or diesel cars. Some heavyduty vehicles use sparkignited natural gas systems, but other systems exist as well. Natural gas vehicles ngvs provide comparable mileage and comfort, while their tailpipe. Waterfree anhydrous ethanol, with 15% added gasoline e85 for use in gasoline.
The energy policy act of 1992 required federal and states governments to add alternativefuel, lightduty vehicles to their fleets in major metropolitan areas. Natural gas vehicles ngvs are a good choice for highmileage high fueluse fleetssuch as buses, medium and heavyduty trucks, and refuse vehicles that are centrally fueled or operate within a limited area or. Currently natural gas powers about 112,000 vehicles in the united states and roughly 14. The first is the effect of natural gas fuel composition on vehicles study, which is being conducted by the university of california at riverside. This can mean burning natural gas in an internal combustion engine like those used in most natural gas, gasoline, dieselpowered vehicles on. An alternative fuel vehicle is a motor vehicle that runs on a fuel other than traditional petroleum. The pros and cons of naturalgas vehicles fox business. Work continues on revisiting the cnglng specifications. Remember that highpressure gases are used safely every day in industrial and medical applications.
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